The whitening (frosting) issue in rubber products is a complex, multifactorial problem that involves rubber materials science, processing technology, and chemical-physical changes, among others. To better understand and solve this issue, it is necessary to explore the following areas: the microscopi

I. Definitions of Hardness and Elasticity:Hardness refers to the surface resistance to indentation of an object, usually measured using hardness testers such as Shore A, Shore D, or IRHD. Elasticity is the ability of an object to regain its original shape after deformation, indicating its ability to

Natural Rubber (NR):Appearance: Pale yellow and semi-transparent.Burning Characteristics: Burns easily.Flame Characteristics: Produces black smoke, a dark yellow flame, and becomes soft.Residue Odor: Smells like rubber with non-sticky residue.Isoprene Rubber (IR):Appearance: Pale yellow and semi-tra

Methods for Determining Plasticity:Compression Method:This method includes the Williams method, the Wallace Rapid Plasticity method, and the De Mattia Plasticity method. These methods measure the plasticity of raw rubber and compounded rubber and are conducted at a constant temperature since plastic

Curing Mechanism: Curing is the process of transforming the rubber compound from a soft, uncured state to a solid, durable material with desired properties. In the case of foam rubber tubes, the curing mechanism typically involves the use of chemical agents called curing agents or vulcanizing agents